Logic

Hi, again my friends.

Today I want to speak about logic and types of this thought that we are curious  about.

• What is Logic:
  

Logic (from the Greek λογική logikē) is the philosophical study of valid reasoning. Logic is used in most intellectual activities, but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, and computer science.. [C].

• Types of Logic:
  

Aristotle Logic: (0 or 1 , Black or White, Yes or No)

note: This Kind of logic says: something happens or not happens. in other words the value of probability for an event is 1 or 0 and no other percentage available.

see also: Aristotle [C]. 

Algebraic Logic: (Using symbols & shapes to state purpose).Algebra (from Arabic al-jebr meaning "reunion of broken parts") is the branch of mathematics concerning the study of the rules of operations and relations, and the constructions and concepts arising from them, including terms, polynomials [C] and etc [C]. 

note: This kind of logic is using shapes and symbols ( ancient Greek, Arabic ,...) to express the main idea and the relations (see figure below -referenceWikipedia.org).

see also: Boolean algebra (logic) [C] , Asynchronous logic (algebra) [C] and al-Khwārizmī [C].

Fuzzy Logic: ( Using symbols & shapes to state purpose)
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic or probabilistic logic; it deals with reasoning that is pproximate rather than fixed and exact. In contrast with traditional logic theory, wherebinary sets have two-valued logic: true or false, fuzzy logic variables may have a truth value that ranges in degree between 0 and 1.Fuzzy logic has been extended to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. Furthermore, when linguistic variables are used, these degrees may be managed by specific functions. Fuzzy logic began with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by Lotfi Zadeh. Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, from control theory to artificial intelligence. [C].

Fuzzy System

note: This kind of logic express that,we can we can use various amount of membership for a specific phenomenon just like in real world. (see figure below - reference [C] ).

As you can see in the figure ,usually we explain Cold, Warm or Hot temperature in certain degrees of Celsius or Fahrenheit. but as we know, this kind of division may vary for different persons or different places. that we can use this method of membership to express such events in more realistic way.

see also: Al-Farabi [C] and Lotfi A. Zadeh [C].

sincerely yours.

Babak. V.Dst [p]